2. How did psychological horror develop in film?
3. What was the universal influence on the development of horror films?
George Meliese was a pioneer in the horror movie genre, although his films were more comedic. His use of trick photography would be used in generations onwards in more serious ways. In the U.S., popular novels were being adapted into films, while in Europe, the rise of German expressionism began post-ww1. The utilized set design and cinematography to express internalized fears of their times. This then began the psychological horror genre. Movies like The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu were instrumental films in the genre. Then from the 1920s-0s, Universal horror became the new norm back in the U.S. This era would become the foundation of most modern, big budget horror movies. However, smaller budget horror films still found success. Instead of focusing on set design and costumes, these fils would focus on building suspense and setting the tone of their movies with limited resources.
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